Abstract
Every theory of criminology is based on an intellectual framework including theoretical ideas about ontology, anthropology and epistemology. In a certain theory, anthropology plays the main role, because the subject of human sciences is about man and his capabilities. However, non-Islamic schools of criminology are still confused in understanding man and his existential dimensions due to the lack of revelation and narrative teachings.
In this article, in the light of the Holy Qur'an and Shia traditions, the existential dimensions of man have been investigated, which has an important impact on the explanation of crime and criminal responsibility. In this regard, this research has found Allameh Tabatabai's theory as a reference theory. With the recent considerations, the result of this article is that according to Islamic anthropology, man is a free-willed being whose will is the main cause of criminal behavior. However, individual or environmental factors (both material and transcendental) have an incomplete causal effect. Adherence to this theory under Islamic anthropology will leave rays in the explanation and manner of criminal responsibility, punishment, assistance and participation in the crime and exculpatory factors of the accused.